The forebrain which consists mainly of the cerebral hemispheres and the olfactory lobes.The parts and major regions that make up the avian brain are as follows: Thus the brain is the control centre for the many functions and activities of the many systems, organs and tissues that make up the bird’s body. The brain consists of a number of parts, which in turn consist of various special cells that have the ability to detect, recognise, remember and direct. The brain is located in the head and is well protected by the bones of the cranium. The part of the nervous system that regulates such important functions is called the autonomic, or involuntary, nervous system. It is obvious that the animal cannot afford to have to remember to keep its heart beating, its digestive system functioning or even just to breath. Examples of the functioning of this part of the nervous system are the regulation of heart beat and circulation, digestion, and respiration. Involuntary control exists where the animal has no choice and the response to an activity or event occurs without the animal having any conscious control. The nerves that make up this voluntary part of the nervous system are called voluntary, or somatic, nerves. It chooses to respond in one way or another, such as to move a particular part(s) of its anatomy. Voluntary control occurs where the animal, in its response to some activity or stimulus, has a choice in what actions (if any) it may take. Functions are actively (voluntarily) or automatically (involuntarily) controlled: The nervous system integrates and controls the various functions of the body, while the sensory organs detect the various stimuli in the bird’s environment that it reacts to. The nervous system and the important sensory organs play a key role in the day-to-day functioning of an animal.
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